An AI-powered camera could help doctors identify infections

Imagine a world where assessing a patient's vital signs could be done simply by scanning their face. This futuristic-sounding technology could soon be a reality, offering a quick and non-invasive way to measure a patient's pulse, breathing, and blood pressure. According to a thesis from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, this innovative method might revolutionize evaluating the severity of acute infections and other medical conditions.

How does it work?

Currently, vital signs are measured using various instruments, each dedicated to assessing different physical parameters. However, a newly developed method leverages camera technology, software, and artificial intelligence to achieve the same results. By scanning a patient's face for just 30 seconds, this method can provide data on heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

In clinical tests involving over 200 patients with suspected Covid-19, the camera-based technique not only improved the accuracy of severity assessments but also enhanced diagnostic precision.

Why does it matter?

"The new AI method means that measurements are faster, more convenient for the patient, easier for the healthcare provider, and involve less risk of infections being spread via measuring equipment," explains Stefan Malmberg, the thesis author and a specialist physician. This advancement is crucial in the development of new healthcare technologies, especially in rapidly assessing conditions that require immediate attention.

In addition, this method helps avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, which is vital in combating antibiotic resistance — a growing global health concern.

The context

Patients visiting healthcare centers with symptoms like sore throats, coughs, and fevers often face a range of possible diagnoses. While many of these infections are harmless and self-limiting, some can be life-threatening, such as pneumonia, Covid-19, and Lemierre's syndrome. Quick and accurate severity assessments are essential to ensure effective treatment is provided when necessary, and to avoid the overuse of antibiotics.

"Finding the needle in the haystack is important when it comes to infectious diseases," says Stefan Malmberg. Timely and appropriate treatment can save lives in cases of serious infections, while unnecessary treatments can contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The research behind this technology has been supported by regional and local R&D funding from Region Västra Götaland and Södra Älvsborg, with the development of the camera method being backed by Sahlgrenska Science Park. This promising technology is a step towards more efficient, safer, and patient-friendly healthcare practices.